I heard the whirrr of the grinder from the kitchen. Ketchup . A trip to the washroom. A glass of water. A cockroach has been waiting on the table where water in the jug and glass and an empty cup is resting. The cup has been used twice for a tea I made. It was served to my father and later to my mother.
The cockroach moved to the other side after the light bulb was switched on. I read a few weblogs and worked on Free Rice. Worked on Duolingo. Now I am in the Pearl League because of my experience points in the last one week. Duolingo seems to be a platform which was improved carefully based on feedback. It’s nothing short of a cartoon program. Learning should be fun. It takes a lot of effort to learn. And it takes a lot of effort to make it funnier to learn.
I looked up the etymology of biff. Esophagus was another interesting word on Free Rice. It means gullet. I am working on Normal Level, which is the third level in the increasing order of difficulty.
I looked up the etymology of Parapet. It means “low wall.” A protective structure in fortification. An embankment.
In the architectural and oratorical landscape of Ulysses, a parapet is both a physical boundary and a symbol of looking out over a city or a “lost cause.”
Etymology of Parapet
The word is a defensive one, born from the need to protect the heart and chest in battle.
* Origin: It comes from the Italian word “parapetto.”
* Root 1: Para– (from parare), meaning “to protect” or “to shield.”
* Root 2: Petto (from the Latin pectus), meaning “the breast” or “the chest.”
* Literal Meaning: A “breast-guard.”
* Evolution: Originally, it was a low wall built atop a rampart to protect soldiers from gunfire or arrows while they stood on a fortified platform. By 1904, it had evolved into the common architectural term for any low protective wall along the edge of a roof, bridge, or balcony.
The Latin Link
You can see the same root pectus in other English words like:
* Pectorals: The chest muscles.
* Expectorate: To cough up from the chest (very relevant for the “windy” and “coughing” atmosphere of the newspaper office).
In the Context of “Aeolus”
While we haven’t seen a literal parapet in the Freeman’s Journal office yet, the word looms large in Stephen’s memory from the first chapter (Telemachus), where he and Mulligan stand on the parapet of the Martello tower. In this chapter, the “parapet” is metaphorical; the men are shielded behind their desks and their “forensic eloquence,” looking down on the street and the “halfpenny” people below.
The word “biff” is a perfect example of onomatopoeia—a word that sounds like the action it describes. In the context of the noisy, “Aeolus” newspaper office, it fits the atmosphere of physical and verbal impact.
Etymology of Biff
* Origin: It emerged in the late 19th century (around 1880–1890), making it relatively “modern” slang for the characters in Ulysses.
* Source: It is almost certainly imitative of the sound of a sharp blow or a slap. It mimics the quick “puff” of air or the “smack” of contact.
* Usage: It was originally used to describe a punch or a box on the ear. By 1904, it was common in both sporting contexts (like boxing) and as a way to describe a sudden, forceful movement or a witty verbal “hit.”
Biff in the Context of the Office
In the “Aeolus” chapter, Joyce is obsessed with the physical sounds of the printing press (the thump, thump, thump of the machines). A “biff” represents the sudden collision of ideas, or the way the editor, Myles Crawford, “hits” his points home. It also reflects the “shindy” (commotion) that the characters are constantly discussing.
Etymology of Contumely
Since you mentioned the “proud man’s contumely” in the previous section, it is worth looking at this heavy, “leaden” word:
* Origin: From the Latin contumelia, meaning “insult” or “abuse.”
* Root: It is related to the Latin contumere (to swell up), which is also the root of the tumor.
* Meaning: To treat someone with “contumely” is to treat them with a kind of “swelling” pride or arrogant contempt. It is the verbal equivalent of a “biff” to someone’s dignity.
The gas cylinder delivery guy didn’t appear today. I discussed it briefly with my parents. I served them fried rice after they returned from early morning duty. Also served ginger tea and water. I organised utensils in the kitchen in the afternoon and mopped the verandah and kitchen floors. Showed a cooker handle to my mother which has lost some attachments.
That was yesterday.
I just had ginger tea. I hear bells in the worship room though the sound of singing devotional songs doesn’t reach me here. I read a weblog I usually read these days. It articulated a lot of things which seem to be true though as usual I was wondering if it wasn’t another discussion about why it was better in the past. There are subtle points which talk about something which isn’t merely nostalgia but I rarely hear them talking positively about the very tools they use perhaps because it’s obvious and it’s the rectification or misuse which needs to be addressed clearly.
I hear the sound of the pressure cooker whistle. I was busier today because students returned from their vacation after a week. I was serving tea, snacks and water to my mother when I noticed them in my room. It was a surprise. They didn’t inform me in advance as they didn’t before disappearing. It took me some time to get free from what I was busy doing and bring a chair to this room. I was having ginger tea myself.
I asked the younger student if he had a nice time celebrating with his family members. I asked him if he enjoyed sweets as he was planning on it and I teased him – why didn’t he bring any for me. He appeared to be conscious of his standing and didn’t talk much about eating etc. They acknowledged that they had fun and it was after a week they attended school. It was quiet and dull here after the noise of school and a house full of relatives. As usual, the younger asked me about the timer I had set midway before the lesson was over. I read a few more pages before we completed reading about the “Farming Sectar” in India.
My reading was slow paced and I took time to explain a few points. I also asked them a few questions on the topics which were promptly answered most of the time. Their quarrel didn’t disappear altogether. It was less severe than usual. When I was talking about vitamin C, the elder wanted me to tell him why it is important. I told him that most fruits like gooseberry, orange and lemon which are sour to eat contain Vitamin C in them and it’s important to sustain the health of gums and skin.
When the younger one kept combing his hair like a Welshcomb – his hand had oil which he wiped against his shirt. It’s actually a winter innerwear. Then he asked me something which was about why there was oil-I told him that he’s repeating old nonsense to which the elder used the word “sura.” It’s a Hindi word used for ‘blind’ people. It’s also a typo made by an interlocutor who didn’t wait to entertain it as a deliberate code word. Similar to previous such deliberate typos which strangely connect to Penthouse in a TV program or political debates.
When most of the digital and non digital behaviour is limited- the effort to claim programming or control of subjects is a multilayered effort. The ultimate watchword is control which is completely the opposite of freedom. Interestingly – there are absolutely no free agents in such civilizations. There are hierarchies- beginningless and endless. They’re all busy showing up how they control dreams, subconscious and conscious lives of others – and in turn, they trigger others for similar control- to what end?
First is- admitting that it’s surreal or supernatural. Then – giving into it. Then- becoming even more suggestible and then continuing along that reinforcement. Most of these subjects accept “tasks” as completed even with 60-70 percent of success in achieving control over other “subjects.” They can’t give it up because there’s no other option. Everyone is busy exercising the same craft with different names.
You’re predictable. We are calculating. This is what gives us control over you. Maybe you’re even enjoying this control.
A mouse jumps on my left shoulder. I don’t know what’s happening. It jumps to the right shoulder. Then I feel something on my feet. I throw it away and rush to switch the light on. The mouse runs away to hide in the clothes which are hanging on the wall.
Are they programmed?
Who would believe? The entertainment industry uses cockroaches for advertisements. I wouldn’t have believed this just a few days ago. It reminds me of Kafka. I was reminded of a program by a big cockroach. To convince my reader about this message delivered by an insect – I would have to weave a tale with too many clues which I don’t want to indulge in.
What was the issue with this big mouse. I opened the door before I picked up the umbrella to move it away from clothes. Maybe it wasn’t able to go out of the door. It jumped up to the rack and ran fast towards the other rack space. It’s where it came from- the ventilation.
I got my room swept and mopped by asking the maid to do it. Moved many utensils from the kitchen to the wash basin. Served food to my father after giving him hot water from the geyser. I used some of it to wash some clothes and then I had a bath.
I moved a twenty kilogram rice package which was delivered to our house from the verandah to the store room. Took care of the pasteurisation of milk. Removed junk from one of the kitchen stands and replaced old paper with new. Washed the plastic cover and hung it for drying. Organised utensils in the kitchen after they were washed. I helped my father in a transaction. It was a busy day. I kept reading Ulysses. Now reading Lestrygonians.
Since you asked specifically about the roots of this chapter’s title, it’s worth looking at how the ancient Greek origins perfectly set the stage for Bloom’s lunchtime wanderings.
The Etymology of Lestrygonians
The term comes from the Greek Laistrygonians (Λαιστρυγόνες).
* Linguistic Roots: While the exact origin is debated, some scholars link it to the Greek root lastauros (lewd/gluttonous) or laas (stone) + trygao (to gather/harvest).
* Homeric Context: In the Odyssey, the Laestrygonians were a tribe of giant cannibals. When Odysseus’s fleet arrives at their harbor, the giants pelt the ships with massive rocks and “spear” the sailors like fish to eat them.
Why Joyce Chose It
Joyce uses this etymology to frame the “Stomach” of Dublin. In this chapter, everything is viewed through the lens of eating and being eaten:
* The Giants: The “giants” of Dublin are the large, imposing buildings and the institutions (like the Church or the State) that “consume” the lives of the citizens.
* The Cannibalism: When Bloom enters the Burton Restaurant, he sees men eating like animals—shoveling food, grunting, and bolting down meat. He realizes that for humans to live, something else must die.
* The “Rocks”: Instead of literal boulders, Bloom is pelted by “rocks” of memory, hunger, and the hard reality of poverty (like the Dedalus children “in flitters”).
